A deep cavity, injury or gum disease results in damage to a tooth' 'pulp'. Pulp is a soft tissue running through the center of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels.

Infection spreads and eventually forms an abscess at the root of the tooth.

A tooth's pulp can become infected or even die, so it must be removed. The pulp is removed and the inside of the roots are cleaned out, enlarged and shaped.

The affected tooth is numbed and the top of the tooth is opened so that the affected area is accessable.

A crown is placed on the top of the tooth to seal everything up. Some crowns need a post and core to help support the crown. The crown can be made of substances to imitate real tooth enamel. When the operation is completed, the tooth looks as good as new.

After cleaning and disinfecting, the empty cavity inside the tooth is filled with a rubber like substance